Identification of grape berry indigenous epiphytic yeasts with <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antagonistic activity towards pathogenic fungi

During their lifespan, grapes are exposed to conditions that can endanger plant health, including fluctuating climate and infection by pests insects. In particular, attacks filamentous fungi represent huge annual losses for grape farmers. Present concerns about rising antimicrobial resistance, fungicide prohibitions shifting consumer tastes driving the search less harmful ways of preventing damage grapevine pathogenic fungi. this study, antagonist activity yeasts isolated from berry surface microbiota was assessed in vitro vivo assays on an assortment fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea Aspergillus niger. The results show W. anomalus, A. pullulans, C. intermedia, R. glutinis, Z. meyerae H. takashimae were able inhibit 75 100 % mycelia growth sporulation vitro. Strains M. pulcherrima S. bacillaris also showed 50 efficacy reducing mould growth. strains further incised leaves 2-month-old grapevines ability reduce disease incidence pulcherrima, intermedia glutinis significantly reduced symptoms leaves, indicating potential as effective biocontrol vineyard.